In Mongoose, a is an interface to the database. It is a class that represents a collection of documents in the database. Models are responsible for creating and reading documents from the database, as well as updating and deleting them.

To create a model in Mongoose, you need to define a schema that describes the structure of the documents in the collection. The schema defines the fields and their types, as well as any validation rules that should be applied to the data. This allows our model to enforce a consistent structure for the documents in the collection.

What can a Model do?

Once you have defined a model, you can use it to interact with the database. Models provide a number of methods for creating, reading, updating, and deleting documents in the collection. For example:

- You can use the create method to insert a new document into the collection.

- You can use the find method to retrieve documents from the collection that match a given query.

- You can use the update method to modify documents in the collection that match a given query.

- You can use the delete method to remove documents from the collection that match a given query.

Creating a Model

To create a model in Mongoose, you need to define a schema and then use the model method to create the model. For example, the following code creates a model for a collection of users:

//
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  name: String,
  email: String,
  age: Number,
});

const User = mongoose.model("User", userSchema);

Using a Model

Once you have created a model, you can use it to interact with the database.

For example, you can a new user document and save it to the database like this:

//
const newUser = await User({
  name: "John Doe",
  email: "john@email.com",
  age: 30,
});

You can also use the model to find, or documents in the collection that match a given query:

//
// retrieve all users named 'John Doe'
const users = await User.find({ name: "John Doe" });

You can documents in the collection that match a given query:

//
// update all users named 'John Doe' to have an age of 31
const result = await User.update({ name: "John Doe" }, { age: 31 });

And you can documents from the collection that match a given query:

//
// delete all users named 'John Doe'
const result = await User.delete({ name: "John Doe" });

Conclusion

In this lesson, we introduced the concept of models in Mongoose. Models are an interface to the database that allow you to interact with collections of documents. Models provide methods for creating, reading, updating, and deleting documents in the collection. To create a model, you need to define a schema that describes the structure of the documents in the collection. Once you have created a model, you can use it to interact with the database by creating, reading, updating, and deleting documents in the collection.

In future lessons, we'll explore in detail how to query and manipulate data using models in Mongoose.

For the next lesson, let's setup our development environment and get started with Mongoose in NextJS!

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